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相关文章Android网络编程系列
前言 最近博客的产出确实很少,因为博主我正在写一本Android进阶书籍,两头很难兼顾,但是每个月也得至少发一篇博客。上一篇我们介绍了Retrofit的使用方法,这一篇我们照例来学习Retrofit的源码。
1.Retrofit的创建过程 当我们使用Retrofit请求网络时,首先要写请求接口:
public interface IpService { @GET("getIpInfo.php?ip=59.108.54.37") Call<IpModel> getIpMsg () ;
接着我们通过调用如下代码来创建Retrofit:
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder() .baseUrl(url) .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) .build();
Retrofit 是通过建造者模式构建出来的,接下来查看Builder方法做了什么: java
public Builder() { this(Platform.get()); }
很简短,查看Platform的get方法,如下所示。
private static final Platform PLATFORM = findPlatform(); static Platform get () { return PLATFORM; } private static Platform findPlatform () { try { Class.forName("android.os.Build" ); if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT != 0 ) { return new Android(); } } catch (ClassNotFoundException ignored) { } try { Class.forName("java.util.Optional" ); return new Java8(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException ignored) { } try { Class.forName("org.robovm.apple.foundation.NSObject" ); return new IOS(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException ignored) { } return new Platform(); }
Platform的get方法最终调用的是findPlatform方法,根据不同的运行平台来提供不同的线程池。接下来查看build方法,代码如下所示。
public Retrofit build () { if (baseUrl == null ) { throw new IllegalStateException("Base URL required." ); } okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory = this .callFactory; if (callFactory == null ) { callFactory = new OkHttpClient(); } Executor callbackExecutor = this .callbackExecutor; if (callbackExecutor == null ) { callbackExecutor = platform.defaultCallbackExecutor(); } List<CallAdapter.Factory> adapterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this .adapterFactories); adapterFactories.add(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor)); List<Converter.Factory> converterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this .converterFactories); return new Retrofit(callFactory, baseUrl, converterFactories, adapterFactories, callbackExecutor, validateEagerly); }
从注释1处可以看出baseUrl 是必须指定的。注释2处callFactory默认为this.callFactory,this.callFactory就是我们在构建Retrofit时调用callFactory方法所传进来的,如下所示。
public Builder callFactory (okhttp3.Call.Factory factory) { this .callFactory = checkNotNull(factory, "factory == null" ); return this ; }
因此,如果需要对OkHttpClient进行设置,则可以构建OkHttpClient对象,然后调用callFactory方法将设置好的OkHttpClient传进去。注释3处,如果没有设置callFactory则直接创建OkHttpClient。注释4的callbackExecutor用来将回调传递到UI线程。注释5的adapterFactories主要用于存储对Call进行转化的对象,后面在Call的创建过程会再次提到它。注释6处的converterFactories主要用于存储转化数据对象,后面也会提及到。此前在例子中调用的addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()),就是设置返回的数据支持转换为Gson对象。最终会返回配置好的Retrofit类。
2.Call的创建过程 紧接着我们创建Retrofit实例并调用如下代码来生成接口的动态代理对象:
IpService ipService = retrofit.create(IpService.class);
接下来看Retrofit的create方法做了什么,代码如下所示。
public <T> T create (final Class<T> service) { Utils.validateServiceInterface(service); if (validateEagerly) { eagerlyValidateMethods(service); } return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(service.getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[] { service }, new InvocationHandler() { private final Platform platform = Platform.get(); @Override public Object invoke (Object proxy, Method method, Object... args) throws Throwable { if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) { return method.invoke(this , args); } if (platform.isDefaultMethod(method)) { return platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args); } ServiceMethod serviceMethod = loadServiceMethod(method); OkHttpCall okHttpCall = new OkHttpCall<>(serviceMethod, args); return serviceMethod.callAdapter.adapt(okHttpCall); } }); }
可以看到create方法返回了一个Proxy.newProxyInstance动态代理对象,当我们调用IpService的getIpMsg方法最终会调用InvocationHandler的invoke 方法,它有3个参数,第一个是代理对象,第二个是调用的方法,第三个是方法的参数。注释1处的loadServiceMethod(method)中的method就是我们定义的getIpMsg方法。接下来查看loadServiceMethod方法里做了什么:
private final Map<Method, ServiceMethod> serviceMethodCache = new LinkedHashMap<>();ServiceMethod loadServiceMethod (Method method) { ServiceMethod result; synchronized (serviceMethodCache) { result = serviceMethodCache.get(method); if (result == null ) { result = new ServiceMethod.Builder(this , method).build(); serviceMethodCache.put(method, result); } } return result; }
首先会从serviceMethodCache查询传入的方法是否有缓存,如果有就用缓存的ServiceMethod,如果没有就创建一个,并加入serviceMethodCache缓存起来。接下来看ServiceMethod是如何构建的,代码如下所示。
public ServiceMethod build () { callAdapter = createCallAdapter(); responseType = callAdapter.responseType(); if (responseType == Response.class || responseType == okhttp3.Response.class) { throw methodError("'" + Utils.getRawType(responseType).getName() + "' is not a valid response body type. Did you mean ResponseBody?" ); } responseConverter = createResponseConverter(); for (Annotation annotation : methodAnnotations) { parseMethodAnnotation(annotation); } ... int parameterCount = parameterAnnotationsArray.length; parameterHandlers = new ParameterHandler<?>[parameterCount]; for (int p = 0 ; p < parameterCount; p++) { Type parameterType = parameterTypes[p]; if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(parameterType)) { throw parameterError(p, "Parameter type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s" , parameterType); } Annotation[] parameterAnnotations = parameterAnnotationsArray[p]; if (parameterAnnotations == null ) { throw parameterError(p, "No Retrofit annotation found." ); } parameterHandlers[p] = parseParameter(p, parameterType, parameterAnnotations); } ... return new ServiceMethod<>(this ); }
注释1处调用了createCallAdapter方法,它最终会得到我们在构建Retrofit调用build方法时adapterFactories添加的对象的get方法,Retrofit的build方法部分代码:
List<CallAdapter.Factory> adapterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this .adapterFactories); adapterFactories.add(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor));
adapterFactories列表默认会添加defaultCallAdapterFactory,defaultCallAdapterFactory指的是ExecutorCallAdapterFactory,ExecutorCallAdapterFactory的get方法如下所示。
public CallAdapter<Call<?>> get(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) { if (getRawType(returnType) != Call.class) { return null ; } final Type responseType = Utils.getCallResponseType(returnType); return new CallAdapter<Call<?>>() { @Override public Type responseType () { return responseType; } @Override public <R> Call<R> adapt (Call<R> call) { return new ExecutorCallbackCall<>(callbackExecutor, call); } }; }
get方法会得到CallAdapter对象,它的responseType方法会返回数据的真实类型,比如 Call<IpModel>
,它就会返回IpModel。adapt方法会创建ExecutorCallbackCall,它会将call的回调转发至UI线程。 接着回到ServiceMethod的 build方法,注释2处调用CallAdapter的responseType得到的是返回数据的真实类型。 注释3处调用createResponseConverter方法来遍历converterFactories列表中存储的Converter.Factory,并返回一个合适的Converter用来转换对象。此前我们在构建Retrofit 调用了addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())将GsonConverterFactory(Converter.Factory的子类)添加到converterFactories列表中,表示返回的数据支持转换为Json对象。 注释4处遍历parseMethodAnnotation方法来对请求方式(比如GET、POST)和请求地址进行解析。注释5处对方法中的参数注解进行解析(比如@Query、@Part)。最后创建ServiceMethod类并返回。 接下来回过头来查看Retrofit的create方法,在调用了loadServiceMethod方法后会创建OkHttpCall,OkHttpCall的构造函数只是进行了赋值操作。紧接着调用serviceMethod.callAdapter.adapt(okHttpCall)
,callAdapter的adapt方法前面讲过,它会创建ExecutorCallbackCall,ExecutorCallbackCall的部分代码如下所示。
ExecutorCallbackCall(Executor callbackExecutor, Call<T> delegate) { this .callbackExecutor = callbackExecutor; this .delegate = delegate; } @Override public void enqueue (final Callback<T> callback) { if (callback == null ) throw new NullPointerException("callback == null" ); delegate.enqueue(new Callback<T>() { @Override public void onResponse (Call<T> call, final Response<T> response) { callbackExecutor.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run () { if (delegate.isCanceled()) { callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this , new IOException("Canceled" )); } else { callback.onResponse(ExecutorCallbackCall.this , response); } } }); } @Override public void onFailure (Call<T> call, final Throwable t) { callbackExecutor.execute(new Runnable() { @Override public void run () { callback.onFailure(ExecutorCallbackCall.this , t); } }); } }); }
可以看出ExecutorCallbackCall是对Call的封装,它主要添加了通过callbackExecutor将请求回调到UI线程。 当我们得到Call对象后会调用它的enqueue方法,其实调用的是ExecutorCallbackCall的enqueue方法,而从注释1处可以看出ExecutorCallbackCall的enqueue方法最终调用的是delegate的enqueue方法。delegate从Retrofit的create方法的代码中我们知道它其实就是OkHttpCall。
3.Call的enqueue方法 接下来我们就来查看OkHttpCall的enqueue方法,代码如下所示。
public void enqueue (final Callback<T> callback) { if (callback == null ) throw new NullPointerException("callback == null" ); okhttp3.Call call; ... call.enqueue(new okhttp3.Callback() { @Override public void onResponse (okhttp3.Call call, okhttp3.Response rawResponse) throws IOException { Response<T> response; try { response = parseResponse(rawResponse); } catch (Throwable e) { callFailure(e); return ; } callSuccess(response); } ... }
注释1处调用了okhttp3.Call的enqueue方法。注释2处调用parseResponse方法:
Response<T> parseResponse (okhttp3.Response rawResponse) throws IOException { ResponseBody rawBody = rawResponse.body(); ... int code = rawResponse.code(); if (code < 200 || code >= 300 ) { try { ResponseBody bufferedBody = Utils.buffer(rawBody); return Response.error(bufferedBody, rawResponse); } finally { rawBody.close(); } } if (code == 204 || code == 205 ) { return Response.success(null , rawResponse); } ExceptionCatchingRequestBody catchingBody = new ExceptionCatchingRequestBody(rawBody); try { T body = serviceMethod.toResponse(catchingBody); return Response.success(body, rawResponse); } catch (RuntimeException e) { catchingBody.throwIfCaught(); throw e; } }
根据返回的不同的状态码code值来做不同的操作,如果顺利则会调用注释2处的代码,接下来看toResponse方法里做了什么:
T toResponse (ResponseBody body) throws IOException { return responseConverter.convert(body); }
这个responseConverter就是此前讲过在ServiceMethod的build方法调用createResponseConverter方法返回的Converter,在此前的例子中我们传入的是GsonConverterFactory,因此可以查看GsonConverterFactory的代码,如下所示。
public final class GsonConverterFactory extends Converter .Factory {... @Override public Converter<ResponseBody, ?> responseBodyConverter(Type type, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) { TypeAdapter<?> adapter = gson.getAdapter(TypeToken.get(type)); return new GsonResponseBodyConverter<>(gson, adapter); } ... }
在GsonConverterFactory 中有一个方法responseBodyConverter,它最终会创建GsonResponseBodyConverter:
final class GsonResponseBodyConverter <T > implements Converter <ResponseBody , T > { private final Gson gson; private final TypeAdapter<T> adapter; GsonResponseBodyConverter(Gson gson, TypeAdapter<T> adapter) { this .gson = gson; this .adapter = adapter; } @Override public T convert (ResponseBody value) throws IOException { JsonReader jsonReader = gson.newJsonReader(value.charStream()); try { return adapter.read(jsonReader); } finally { value.close(); } } }
在GsonResponseBodyConverter的convert方法里会将回调的数据转换为Json格式。因此我们也知道了此前调用responseConverter.convert
是为了转换为特定的数据格式。 Call的enqueue方法主要做的就是用OKHttp来请求网络并将返回的Response进行数据转换并回调给UI线程。 至此,Retrofit的源码就讲到这里。