本文首发于微信公众号「后厂技术官」
前言
此前我用较长的篇幅来介绍Android应用程序的启动过程(根Activity的启动过程),这一篇我们接着来分析Service的启动过程。建议阅读此篇文章前,请先阅读Android深入四大组件(一)应用程序启动过程(前篇)和Android深入四大组件(一)应用程序启动过程(后篇)这两篇文章。
1.ContextImpl到ActivityManageService的调用过程
要启动Service,我们会调用startService方法,它的实现在ContextWrapper中,代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/ContextWrapper.java
public class ContextWrapper extends Context { Context mBase; ... @Override public ComponentName startService(Intent service) { return mBase.startService(service); } ... }
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在startService方法中会调用mBase的startService方法,Context类型的mBase对象具体指的是什么呢?在Android深入四大组件(一)应用程序启动过程(后篇)这篇文章中我们讲过ActivityThread启动Activity时会调用如下代码创建Activity的上下文环境。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) { ... if (activity != null) { Context appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r, activity); ... } activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token, r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent, r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config, r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window); ... } return activity; }
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在注释1处创建上下文对象appContext ,并传入Activity的attach方法中,将Activity与上下文对象appContext 关联起来,这个上下文对象appContext 的具体类型是什么,我们接着查看createBaseContextForActivity方法,代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
private Context createBaseContextForActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, final Activity activity) { ...
ContextImpl appContext = ContextImpl.createActivityContext( this, r.packageInfo, r.token, displayId, r.overrideConfig); appContext.setOuterContext(activity); Context baseContext = appContext; ... return baseContext; }
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这里可以得出结论,上下文对象appContext 的具体类型就是ContextImpl 。Activity的attach方法中将ContextImpl赋值给ContextWrapper的成员变量mBase中,因此,mBase具体指向就是ContextImpl 。
那么,我们紧接着来查看ContextImpl的startService方法,代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ContextImpl.java
@Override public ComponentName startService(Intent service) { warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess(); return startServiceCommon(service, mUser); } private ComponentName startServiceCommon(Intent service, UserHandle user) { try { validateServiceIntent(service); service.prepareToLeaveProcess(this);
ComponentName cn = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().startService( mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), service, service.resolveTypeIfNeeded( getContentResolver()), getOpPackageName(), user.getIdentifier()); ... return cn; } catch (RemoteException e) { throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer(); } }
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startService方法中会return startServiceCommon方法,在startServiceCommon方法中会在注释1处调用ActivityManageService(AMS)的代理对象ActivityManagerProxy(AMP)的startService方法,最终会调用AMS的startService方法。至于注释1处的代码为何会调用AMS的startService方法,在Android深入四大组件(一)应用程序启动过程(前篇)这篇文章中已经讲过,这里不再赘述。
ContextImpl到ActivityManageService的调用过程如下面的时序图所示。
2.ActivityThread启动Service
我们接着来查看AMS的startService方法。
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java
Override public ComponentName startService(IApplicationThread caller, Intent service, String resolvedType, String callingPackage, int userId) throws TransactionTooLargeException { ... synchronized(this) { ... ComponentName res = mServices.startServiceLocked(caller, service, resolvedType, callingPid, callingUid, callingPackage, userId); Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId); return res; } }
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注释1处调用mServices的startServiceLocked方法,mServices的类型是ActiveServices,ActiveServices的startServiceLocked方法代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActiveServices.java
ComponentName startServiceLocked(IApplicationThread caller, Intent service, String resolvedType, int callingPid, int callingUid, String callingPackage, final int userId) throws TransactionTooLargeException { ... return startServiceInnerLocked(smap, service, r, callerFg, addToStarting); }
ComponentName startServiceInnerLocked(ServiceMap smap, Intent service, ServiceRecord r, boolean callerFg, boolean addToStarting) throws TransactionTooLargeException { ... String error = bringUpServiceLocked(r, service.getFlags(), callerFg, false, false); ... return r.name; }
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startServiceLocked方法的末尾return了startServiceInnerLocked方法,而startServiceInnerLocked方法中又调用了bringUpServiceLocked方法:
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActiveServices.java
private String bringUpServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r, int intentFlags, boolean execInFg, boolean whileRestarting, boolean permissionsReviewRequired) throws TransactionTooLargeException { ... final String procName = r.processName; ProcessRecord app; if (!isolated) { app = mAm.getProcessRecordLocked(procName, r.appInfo.uid, false); if (DEBUG_MU) Slog.v(TAG_MU, "bringUpServiceLocked: appInfo.uid=" + r.appInfo.uid + " app=" + app); if (app != null && app.thread != null) { try { app.addPackage(r.appInfo.packageName, r.appInfo.versionCode, mAm.mProcessStats); realStartServiceLocked(r, app, execInFg); return null; } catch (TransactionTooLargeException e) { throw e; } catch (RemoteException e) { Slog.w(TAG, "Exception when starting service " + r.shortName, e); } } } else { app = r.isolatedProc; }
if (app == null && !permissionsReviewRequired) { if ((app=mAm.startProcessLocked(procName, r.appInfo, true, intentFlags, "service", r.name, false, isolated, false)) == null) { ... } if (isolated) { r.isolatedProc = app; } }
... }
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在注释1处得到ServiceRecord的processName的值赋值给procName ,其中processName用来描述Service想要在哪个进程运行,默认是当前进程,我们也可以在AndroidManifes配置文件中设置android:process属性来新开启一个进程运行Service。注释2处将procName和Service的uid传入到AMS的getProcessRecordLocked方法中,来查询是否存在一个与Service对应的ProcessRecord类型的对象app,ProcessRecord主要用来记录运行的应用程序进程的信息。注释5处需要判断两个条件,一个是用来运行Service的应用程序进程不存在,另一个是应用程序之间的组件调用不需要检查权限,满足这两个条件则调用注释6处的AMS的startProcessLocked方法来创建对应的应用程序进程。关于创建应用程序进程请查看Android应用程序进程启动过程(前篇) 和Android应用程序进程启动过程(后篇)这两篇文章。注释3处判断如果用来运行Service的应用程序进程存在,则调用注释4处的realStartServiceLocked方法:
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActiveServices.java
private final void realStartServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r, ProcessRecord app, boolean execInFg) throws RemoteException { ... try { ... app.thread.scheduleCreateService(r, r.serviceInfo, mAm.compatibilityInfoForPackageLocked(r.serviceInfo.applicationInfo), app.repProcState); r.postNotification(); created = true; } catch (DeadObjectException e) { ... } ... }
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在realStartServiceLocked方法中调用了app.thread的scheduleCreateService方法。其中app.thread是IApplicationThread类型的,它的实现是ActivityThread的内部类ApplicationThread,其中ApplicationThread继承了ApplicationThreadNative,而ApplicationThreadNative继承了Binder并实现了IApplicationThread接口。ApplicationThread的scheduleCreateService方法如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
public final void scheduleCreateService(IBinder token, ServiceInfo info, CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, int processState) { updateProcessState(processState, false); CreateServiceData s = new CreateServiceData(); s.token = token; s.info = info; s.compatInfo = compatInfo; sendMessage(H.CREATE_SERVICE, s); }
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首先将要启动的信息封装成CreateServiceData 对象并传给sendMessage方法,sendMessage方法向H发送CREATE_SERVICE消息,H是ActivityThread的内部类并继承Handler。这个过程和应用程序的启动过程(根Activity启动过程)是类似的。我们接着查看H的handleMessage方法。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
public void handleMessage(Message msg) { if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, ">>> handling: " + codeToString(msg.what)); switch (msg.what) { ... case CREATE_SERVICE: Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, ("serviceCreate: " + String.valueOf(msg.obj))); handleCreateService((CreateServiceData)msg.obj); Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER); break; ... } ... } ... }
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handleMessage方法根据消息类型,调用了handleCreateService方法:
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
private void handleCreateService(CreateServiceData data) { unscheduleGcIdler(); LoadedApk packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck( data.info.applicationInfo, data.compatInfo); Service service = null; try { java.lang.ClassLoader cl = packageInfo.getClassLoader(); service = (Service) cl.loadClass(data.info.name).newInstance(); } catch (Exception e) { ... } } try { if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Creating service " + data.info.name);
ContextImpl context = ContextImpl.createAppContext(this, packageInfo); context.setOuterContext(service);
Application app = packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation); service.attach(context, this, data.info.name, data.token, app, ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()); service.onCreate(); mServices.put(data.token, service); ... } catch (Exception e) { ... } }
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注释1处获取要启动Service的应用程序的LoadedApk,LoadedApk是一个APK文件的描述类。注释2处通过调用LoadedApk的getClassLoader方法来获取类加载器。接着在注释3处根据CreateServiceData对象中存储的Service信息,将Service加载到内存中。注释4处创建Service的上下文环境ContextImpl对象。注释5处通过Service的attach方法来初始化Service。注释6处调用Service的onCreate方法,这样Service就启动了。在注释7处将启动的Service加入到ActivityThread的成员变量mServices中,其中mServices是ArrayMap类型。
最后给出这一节的时序图。